Diggers Bistro at Comfort Inn, Anzac Highway, Glenelg

The 1st Australian Veterans Over 70s Cricket Championships was held in Adelaide from 4 - 9 November 2017.

Many members of Victorian teams stayed at the Comfort Inn on Anzac Highway, Glenelg. The motel is within easy walking distance to the shops and Glenelg Beach.

The Diggers Bistro, at the motel, keeps with the Anzac theme with stencils depicting scenes from the First World War on the windows.

Inside are war related images such as this coloured glass depiction of men on horseback. This is one of a pair of coloured glass images hanging on the back wall of the restaurant.

One of the walls has a pair of framed prints including this one of the cliffs at Anzac Cove.

A collection of Anzac biscuit tins and Anzac memorabilia is displayed on a cabinet.
Most of our evening meals were at the motel.

Remembrance Day 2017

The Remembrance Day display at Nunawading Library this year features a section commemorating the Vietnam War, 1962-1973.

Another window remembers the sacrifices made by soldiers on the Kokoda Track seventy-five years ago.

A third window commemorates the battles in France one hundred years ago.

 LEST WE FORGET

Photos by Shauna McEwan

London remembers

Bronze relief created by Paul Day depicting King George VI and Queen Elizabeth visiting Londoners bombed out during the Second World War. The relief is on a wall in The Mall in London next to a statue of Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. It was unveiled in February 2009.

The King and Queen had refused to leave London during The Blitz. The relif shows another aspect of the war in London.

London Remembers website 

Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain monument in London on the Victoria Embankment near the River Thames was unveiled by Prince Charles on 18 September 2005. The monument was devised by the Battle of Britain Historical Society. Paul Day was the sculptor.

The monument commemorates all those who took part in the battle - the airmen and the civilians.

'Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few' - Winston Churchill.

For more detailed information about, and description of, this monument see The Battle of Britain London Monument website.

London air-raids 1917

This plaque is found along the banks of the Thames River in London.

The Sphinx on the banks of the Thames River was presented to England by Egypt in 1819 as a memorial to Lord Nelson and Sir Ralph Abercromby and the battles against Napoleon in Egypt, particularly in 1798. The sphinx was one of the landmarks slightly damaged during the bombing of London. However many buildings were destroyed in the air-raids and people killed.

Websites
1914-1918 Online - International Encyclopedia of the First World War - Bombing of London
History in the Headlines - London's World War / Zeppelin Terror
Imperial War Museum - Air raids that shook London in the First World War

Shoes of the Danube

In memory of the victims shot into the Danube in 1944-45

On the banks of the Danube River in Budapest is a memorial to the people who were shot on the banks of the river towards the end of World War II.

 

When we visited Budapest in July 2011 there was an exhibiton entitled The Stones of the Embankment which included this panel. The wording on the panel read:

In the darkest period of our history the banks of the Danube turned into the site of mass killings. The members of the Arrow Cross Party (the Hungarian Nazis) shot hundreds of people and dropped them in the Danube. Their memory is preserved by sixty pairs of iron shoes on the Danube River bank, a work by Gyula Pauer.

It is a moving memorial.

Website
Visit Budapest - Shoes of the Danube

Remarkable women of Whitehorse and Manningham

Whitehorse Manningham Libraries celebrated International Women's Day, 8 March 2017, with the launch of a series of postcards celebrating the lives of eight remarkable women from the two municipalities. The postcards were illustrated by Edwina Marion and the text compiled by Lara McKinley (Community Stories Project Officer).

The women chosen were Jane Serpell (pioneer fruit grower), Annie Boorat (Wurundjeri woman), Elizabeth Burchill (nurse and author), Lexie Goyder (architect), Ivy Weber (politician), Wilhelmina Schwerkolt (German orchardist) and Janet Muir Gaff (Nurse and adventurer).

Postcard - Janet Gaff (artist, Edwina Marion)

The preliminary research that I undertook in January to locate Janet's story formed the basis for more detailed research required to write the second assignment for the Families at War unit.

Janet's name was included on the Shire of Nunawading honour board now displayed in the foyer of the Box Hill Town Hall. In 2017 Janet was commemorated again in this set of post cards.

Janet Muir Gaff and World War I - Essay

The unit Families at War for the Diploma of Family History, University of Tasmania, required a biographical essay to be written about a soldier or nurse who served during World War I. The difficult part was compressing research into 1,200 words with 10% leeway.

I chose to write about Janet Muir Gaff, a nurse with the Sea Transport Service, whose name is listed on the Shire of Nunawading Honour Board. This post contains a slightly modified version of the essay.

Posts with more detailed information on a range of topics relating to research for this essay can also be found in this blog. - Link to Janet Gaff articles. Links to some of the also sections appear in the essay.

---

World War I saw more than 2,286 members of the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) serving overseas.[i]  Think of First World War nurses and most people justifiably think of nurses working near the battle fronts but nurses also tended Australian soldiers on ships travelling from and to Australia. Janet Muir Gaff was one of 112 AANS nurses who served in the Sea Transport Sections (STS).[ii]  STS nurses played an important role managing the health of soldiers aboard Australian troop ships as well as working in Australian military hospitals in England and Australia. The important work of nurses like Janet should also be recognised.

Janet Muir Steel was born in Glasgow on 21 July 1860.[iii]  At the age of eighteen Janet married Daniel Robb Gaff, a timber merchant.[iv] In 1883 their son was born.[v] Six years later family life changed for Janet when her husband left Scotland to live in San Francisco.[vi]

Janet trained as a nurse working at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary.[vii] In 1891 Janet undertook her first long distance ship voyage when the Steel family migrated to Australia to live in Blackburn, Victoria.[viii]

Janet was not afraid of new experiences and challenges so this nurse from Glasgow continued her nursing career in country Victoria, initially at two hospitals in Warracknabeal and then at Willaura.[ix] Working in small hospitals with basic equipment and limited medical supplies no doubt proved useful when nursing with the STS.

From the beginning of the war Janet made financial donations to war related funds.[x] She also wrote letters to the newspapers expressing her concern about the welfare of soldiers during Europe’s winter.[xi]  But Janet wanted to be actively involved in the war effort so she joined the AANS on 11 August 1915.[xii]

 

For the next twelve months Janet worked at the No. 5 Australian General Hospital (AGH) in St Kilda Road.[xiii] As well as treating patients this hospital became a training centre providing AANS nurses with experience in treating war injuries. 

On 2 September 1916 Janet joined the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) as a nurse in the Australian Medical Corps (AMC) No. 4 STS.[xiv] AIF Standing Orders stated:

 A candidate for appointment in Australian Army Nursing Service must have at least three years training in medical and surgical nursing in a duly recognised hospital, and must be either single or a widow, and between the ages of 20 and 45 years.[xv]

Janet certainly had the required nursing experience but she was married and older than 45. Occasionally the age restriction was relaxed so Janet gave her age as 50 years, although she was 56.[xvi] Not having seen her husband for twenty-seven years Janet also declared that she was a widow.

A major factor for Janet’s selection in the STS was probably her experience of long sea voyages, including a twelve month around the world holiday in 1910-1911 plus her original trip to Australia.[xvii] During her war service Janet made the return journey between Australia and England three times.[xviii]

After May 1916 the shipping route between Australia and England was via South Africa to avoid submarines in the Mediterranean Sea.[xix] The HMAT Euripides left Melbourne for England via Fremantle and Durban on 11 September 1916.[xx] Janet was one of three staff nurses aboard with two sisters, an acting-matron and 2,200 soldiers.[xxi] The Euripides sailed in a convoy of ten ships and the crew constantly watched for sightings of enemy ships and submarines. In a letter to her sister Janet stated, “I spent my life dodging submarines”.[xxii]

Staff Nurse Gaff soon learned that nursing at sea was different from nursing on land. Sea sickness was endued by both soldiers and staff. The area where the nurses worked was cramped with poor ventilation. Loose objects could not be left on benches making simple tasks challenging in good weather and almost impossible in rough weather. As well as performing general nursing duties, nurses trained orderlies. Learning ship routines such as life-boat drill was essential and nurses also learned how to work in a military environment.[xxiii]

During the voyage nurses inoculated soldiers against typhoid. Small outbreaks of measles or mumps required infected patients to be isolated as it was essential to limit the spread of infectious diseases.[xxiv] Other diseases sometimes encountered on the ships were pneumonia and cerebrospinal fever.[xxv] On this voyage soldiers were confined to the ship at Freemantle as two soldiers with meningitis had to leave the ship at this port.[xxvi]

As there were only three Australian hospital ships, troop ships were refitted to accommodate the needs of the injured soldiers for the trip to Australia. Mobile soldiers who could look after themselves slept in hammocks but double tiered berths were required for the use of amputees and others needing special nursing care. Sections were also provided for patients with infectious diseases. Deck space was provided for the use of patients and regulations stipulated that there must be adequate ventilation below the decks.[xxvii]

When the Euripides arrived in England on 26 October, Janet was sent to nurse at Southall, the No. 2 Australian Auxiliary Hospital (AAH) which treated amputees. Two weeks later Janet boarded HMAT Wiltshire to return to Australia with injured patients.[xxviii] Hospital staff used invalid boat rolls to select patients returning home on the next ship. Sometimes temporary nursing staff assisted the STS nurses on the voyage.

Between voyages STS staff worked at Australian hospitals in England.[xxix] For Janet this included working for short periods at No. 2 AAH at Southall, No. 3 AAH at Dartford plus the St Alban’s and Southwell nurses’ hospitals. In Australia Janet worked at the No. 5 AGH until returning to England.[xxx]

1918, however, provided a different routine as Janet spent the year nursing at No 3AAH Dartford, Kent, a hospital that specialised with mental illness patients. As a nurse at the AAH at Southall, Janet encountered patients with horrific physical injuries.[xxxi] At Dartford the patients were treated for conditions relating to war trauma. Therefore as well as providing medical services a major role of the hospital was to provide activities and entertainments including concerts, film nights and athletics carnivals to aid patient recovery.[xxxii] But the war was never far away with air-raid warnings some nights.[xxxiii] The influenza epidemic also affected patients and staff in the hospital.[xxxiv]

When in England, Janet also had free time to explore parts of the country. In 1918 Janet and Matron Pocock undertook daytrips to Winchester in May, Seven Oaks and Canterbury in June and Windsor Castle in October.[xxxv]

On 12 December 1918 Janet boarded the Nestor arriving in Melbourne on 1 February 1919. She then worked at No. 5 AGH until her discharge from the Army on 13 March. Janet received the 1914/15 Star, British War Medal and the Victory Medal for her service during the war.[xxxvi]

Janet returned to Blackburn to live with her sisters however her adventures continued during her retirement. In May 1922 she travelled to Rhodesia to see the Victoria Falls before proceeding to England, Italy, Greece and Egypt.[xxxvii] In 1925 Janet travelled around the world exploring parts of Africa, Europe, South America and the United States.[xxxviii]

Janet Muir Gaff died at Box Hill on 7 September 1940 and was buried at Box Hill Cemetery.[xxxix]

The Shire of Nunawading Honour Board lists 565 names including Janet’s name.[xl]

Janet did not have to join the AANS. Disguising her age and marital status indicates it was important to her to support the Australian war effort overseas and also support her homeland. “Our boys are doing it, so it’s up to us to do it also” was a comment made when told that she was brave.[xli] Like other STS nurses Janet was able to use her considerable experience to care for injured soldiers plus have the compassion and ability to listen to patients affected by the trauma of war. It cannot be denied that STS nurses played an important role in the care and support of wounded Australians during the First World War.

Endnotes

Bibliography

Janet Gaff Muir and World War I - End notes

 Link to Essay - Janet Muir Garr and World War I

[i] Kirsty Harris, More than Bombs and Bandages: Australian Army Nurses at Work in World War I, Newport, Big Sky Publishing, 2011, p. 2.

[ii] Harris, More than Bombs and Bandages, p. 72.

[iii] Family Search, Birth Record for Janet Muir Steel, ‘Scotland Births and Baptisms 1564-1950’, Accessed 20 March 2017.

[iv] Intimations: The Watt Library of Family History Notices 1800-1918, Marriage Record for Daniel Gaff and Janet (Jessie) Steel, ‘Births, Deaths and Marriages Index: Letter G Surnames’, https://www.inverclyde.gov.uk/community-life-and-leisure/libraries/archives-local-history-and-heritage/family-history/intimations, Accessed 20 March 2017.

[v] Intimations: The Watt Library of Family History Notices 1800-1918, Birth Record for Daniel Gaff, ‘Births, Deaths and Marriages Index: Letter G Surnames’, https://www.inverclyde.gov.uk/community-life-and-leisure/libraries/archives-local-history-and-heritage/family-history/intimations, Accessed 20 March 2017.

[vi] Ancestry, Census Record for Daniel Robb Gaff, ‘1900 United States Federal Census’, Accessed 20 March 2017; Ancestry, Census Record for Daniel Robb Gaff, ‘1910 United States Federal Census’, Accessed 20 March 2017; Ancestry, Census Record for Daniel Robb Gaff, ‘1920 United States Federal Census’, Accessed 20 March 2017; Ancestry, Death for Daniel Robb Gaff, ‘California, Death Index, 1905-1939’, Accessed 20 March 2017.

[vii] Ancestry, Census Record for Janet (Jessie) Muir Gaff, ‘1891 Scotland Census,’ Accessed 20 March 2017.

[viii] Public Record Office Victoria, ‘Unassisted Passenger Lists (1852-1923)’ Record Series Number (VPRS): 947, Janet Gaff arrived in Melbourne aboard the “Orotava” on 25 December 1891.

[ix] John Brennan, One Hundred Years of Tender Loving Care 1891-1991: The History of the Warracknabeal District Hospital Inc., Warracknabeal, North West Press, 1991, p. 16.

[x] ‘Travelling Kitchen Fund’, Argus, 9 January 1915, p. 16; ‘The Argus Special Appeal’, Argus, 5 March, 1915, p. 6; ‘Condensed Milk for Belgian Babies’, Age, 15 March 1915, p. 12; ‘French Week Fund – Lord Mayor’s List’, Argus, 19 July 1916, p. 13.

[xi] ‘Rabbit-Fur Clothing’, Ararat Chronicle and Willaura and Lake Bolac Districts Recorder, 24 October 1914, p3; ‘Appeal for rabbits for Patriotic League’, Warracknabeal Herald, 27 October 1914, p. 6.

[xii] Service Record of Janet Muir Gaff, p. 2, B2455, National Archives of Australia.

[xiii] S G L Catchlove, ‘No. 5 A. G. Hospital’, No. 5 A.G.H.: A Magazine Published by the Patients and Staff of No. 5 Australian General Hospital St Kilda Road Melbourne , Vol. 1, Issue 1, August 1918, p. 10.

[xiv] Service Record of Janet Muir Gaff, p. 1, B2455, National Archives of Australia.

[xv] A G Butler, The Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services in the War 1914-1918, Canberra, Australian War Memorial, 1943, Vol. 3, p. 545.

[xvi] Service Record of Janet Muir Gaff, p. 1.

[xvii] Ancestry, Shipping record for Janet Gaff, ‘UK Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878-1960’, Accessed 22 March;  Ancestry, Shipping record for Janet Gaff, ‘UK Outward Passenger Lists, 1878-1960’, Accessed 22 March 2017; Ancestry, Shipping record for Janet Gaff, ‘Honolulu, Hawaii, Passenger and Crew Lists, 1900-1959’, Accessed 22 March; Ancestry, Shipping record for Janet Gaff, ‘New South Wales, Australia, Unassisted Immigrant Passenger Lists, 1826-1922’, Accessed 22 March

[xviii] Service Record of Janet Muir Gaff, pp. 27, 29-30.

[xix] Butler, The Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services in the War 1914-1918, Vol. 3, p. 665.

[xx] Service Record of Janet Muir Gaff, p. 27.

[xxi] Looking for Evidence, ‘Sea Transport Service – 4^th Sea Transport Section (Victoria)’, https://sites.google.com/site/archoevidence/home/ww1australianwomen/sea-transport-section-staff, Accessed 5 April 2017; Greville Tregarthen, Sea Transport of the A.I.F., [Melbourne], Naval Transport Board, [nd], p. 141, https://issuu.com/anmmuseum/docs/sea_transport_of_the_aif,  Accessed 5 April 2017.

[xxii] Janet Gaff to Helen Steel, letter published as ‘Visit to Windsor Castle’, Box Hill Reporter, 29 November 1918, p. 5.

[xxiii] Harris, More than Bombs and Bandages, p. 74.

[xxiv] Harris, More than Bombs and Bandages, p. 73.

[xxv] Butler, The Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services in the War 1914-1918, Vol. 3, p. 667.

[xxvi] Murphy’s War, ‘WWI Troopships: Journeys across the Indian Ocean’, http://www.murphyswar.com.au/ww1-troop-ships-across-the-indian-ocean/, Accessed 5 April 2017.

[xxvii] Butler, The Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services in the War 1914-1918, Vol. 3, p. 688.

[xxviii] Service Record of Janet Muir Gaff, p. 27.

[xxix] Jan Bassett, Guns and Brooches: Australian Army Nursing from the Boer War to the Gulf War, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1992, pp. 70 – 73.

[xxx] Service Record of Janet Muir Gaff, pp. 27, 29.

[xxxi] Australia. Army, ‘No. 2 Australian Auxiliary Hospital, Southall Middlesex’, [London: The Qualis Photo Co., 1919?] , Book of photographs of Southall, http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-41192620, Accessed 8 April 2017.

[xxxii] Australia. Army, Souvenir of the No. 3 Australian Auxiliary Hospital (Orchard Military Hospital) Dartford, Kent’ part of  AIF Unit War Diaries 1914-1918 War, ‘No 3 Australian Auxiliary Hospital’ Dartford’, August 1918, https://www.awm.gov.au/images/collection/bundled/RCDIG1014996.pdf., Book of photographs of Dartford.

[xxxiii] Australian War Memorial, AIF Unit War Diaries 1914-1918 War, ‘No 3 Australian Auxiliary Hospital, Dartford’, October 1918, p. 4. https://www.awm.gov.au/images/collection/bundled/RCDIG1014993.pdf, Accessed 5 April 2017.

[xxxiv]Australian War Memorial, AIF Unit War Diaries 1914-1918 War, ‘No 3 Australian Auxiliary Hospital, Dartford’, May 1918, p. 3    https://www.awm.gov.au/images/collection/bundled/RCDIG1014998.pdf, Accessed 5 April 2017.

[xxxv] Mary Ann Pocock, Matron Bessie Pocock  The Great War 1914-1918, Vol. 4, pp. 34, 36, 38, 47. [Transcript of diary] https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG0001392/; Gaff, ‘Visit to Windsor Castle’, Box Hill Reporter, p. 5.

[xxxvi] Service Record of Janet Muir Gaff, p. 48.

[xxxvii] Janet Gaff, ‘The Victoria Falls, Rhodesia’,  Age 17 February 1923 p. 6

[xxxviii] [Anon.] ‘Women’s Club Dinner’, Argus, 24 May 1928, p. 18.

[xxxix] ‘Death Notice – Gaff’, Argus, 12 September 1940, p. 4.

[xl] Steven Cooke, ‘Remembering Gallipoli in the Shire of Nunawading’, North Melbourne, Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2015, p. 132.

[xli] Gaff, ‘Visit to Windsor Castle’, Box Hill Reporter, p. 5.

Link to:
Bibliography

Janet Muir Gaff and World War I Bibliography

 Link to Essay - Janet Muir Garr and World War I

Australia. Army, ‘No. 2 Australian Auxiliary Hospital, Southall Middlesex’, [London: The Qualis Photo Co., 1919?] http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-41192620, Accessed 8 April 2017.

Australia. Army, Souvenir of the No. 3 Australian Auxiliary Hospital (Orchard Military Hospital) Dartford, Kent’ part of  AIF Unit War Diaries 1914-1918 War, ‘No 3 Australian Auxiliary Hospital’ Dartford’, August 1918, https://www.awm.gov.au/images/collection/bundled/RCDIG1014996.pdf, Accessed 8 April 2017.

Australian War Memorial, AIF Unit War Diaries 1914-1918 War, ‘No 3 Australian Auxiliary Hospital, Dartford’, https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1000137/, Accessed 5 April 2015.

Bassett, Jan, Guns and Brooches: Australian Army Nursing from the Boer War to the Gulf War, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1992.

Butler, A G, The Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services in the War 1914-1918, Canberra, Australian War Memorial, 1943, Vol. 3.

Brennan, John, One Hundred Years of Tender Loving Care 1891-1991: The History of the  Warracknabeal District Hospital Inc., Warracknabeal, North West Press, 1991

‘California, Death Index, 1905-1939’, Ancestry, Accessed 20 March 2017.

Cooke, Steven, The Sweetland Project: Remembering Gallipoli in the Shire of Nunawading, North Melbourne, Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2015.

Harris, Kirsty, More than Bombs and Bandages: Australian Army Nurses at Work in World War I, Newport, Big Sky Publishing, 2011.

Intimations: The Watt Library of Family History Notices 1800-1918, ‘Births, Deaths and Marriages Index: Letter G Surnames’,https://www.inverclyde.gov.uk/community-life-and-leisure/libraries/archives-local-history-and-heritage/family-history/intimations, Accessed 20 March 2017.

Looking for Evidence, ‘Sea Transport Service – 4^th Sea Transport Section (Victoria)’, https://sites.google.com/site/archoevidence/home/ww1australianwomen/sea-transport-section-staff, Accessed 5 April 2017

Murphy’s War, ‘WWI Troopships: Journeys across the Indian Ocean’, http://www.murphyswar.com.au/ww1-troop-ships-across-the-indian-ocean/, Accessed 5 April 2017.

No. 5 A.G.H.: A Magazine Published by the Patients and Staff of No. 5 Australian General Hospital St Kilda Road Melbourne.

Pocock, Mary Ann, Matron Bessie Pocock: The Great War 1914-1918, Vol. 4,  https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG0001392/

‘Scotland Births and Baptisms 1564-1950’, Family Search, Accessed 20 March 2017.

Service Records, B2455, National Archives of Australia.

Tregarthen, Greville, Sea Transport of the A.I.F., [Melbourne], Naval Transport Board, [nd], https://issuu.com/anmmuseum/docs/sea_transport_of_the_aif,  Accessed 5 April 2017.

‘Unassisted Passenger Lists (1852-1923)’ Record Series Number (VPRS): 947, Public Records Office of Victoria.

‘1891 Scotland Census,’ Ancestry, Accessed 20 March 2017.

‘1920 United States Federal Census’, Ancestry, Accessed 20 March 2017.

Also articles from the following Newspapers

Age.

Ararat Chronicle and Willaura and Lake Bolac Districts Recorder.

Argus.

 Box Hill Reporter.
Warracknabeal Herald.

See also Nursing in World War I - article in Reading and other pursuits blog

Link to
End Notes